A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to:O Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnosticsO Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and O Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic toolsThe book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book.O Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural cropsO Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases.O Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies.O Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drugaresistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered.O Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc.The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.
CONTENTS Preface 1. INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 1.1 Prologue 1.2 Clinical diagnostics entering a new phase 1.3 Concept of Molecular Diagnostics 1.4 Molecular Diagnostic Technology and Health Care Industries 1.5 Molecular diagnostic test 1.6 Conclusion 2. OMICS TECHNOLOGY 2.1 Prologue 2.2 Concept of Omics 2.3 Genome and Genomics 2.4 Transcriptome and Transcriptomics 2.5 Proteome and Proteomics 2.6 Metabolome and Metabolomics 2.7 Integration of Omic 2.8 Conclusion 3. RECOMBINANT DNA PHARMACEUTICALS 3.1 Prologue 3.2 Concept 3.3 Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology 3.4 Therapeutic Applications of Recombinant DNA derived Pharmaceuticals 3.5 Conclusion 4. APTAMERS: IN VITRO DNA SELECTION 4.1 Prologue 4.2 Concept 4.3 Selection of Aptamers 4.4 Applications of DNA and RNA Aptamers 4.5 conclusion 5. REPORTER GENE 5.1 Prologue 5.2 Concept 5.3 Reporter Gene Assay 5.4 Transformation and Transfection Assays 5.5 Gene Expression Assays 5.6 Promoter Assays 5.7 Role of Reporter Gene Assay in Molecular Diagnostics 5.8 Conclusion 6. IMPACT OF HCP ON MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS 6.1 Prologue 6.2 Origin of the Human Genome Project 6.3 Goals and Issues of HGP 6.4 The Human Genome and Genetic Variation 6.5 Human Genome Project and Health Services and Improve Health 6.6 Single Gene Disease 6.7 New and Individualised Drug Treatments 6.8 The Achievements and Challenges of The HGP 6.9 Information Transfer 6.10 Impact of the Human Genome Project on Epidemiologic Research 6.11 Impact of the Human Genome Project on Our Genomic Makeup 6.12 Conclusion 7. MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS IN THE POST GENOMIC AND PROTEOMIC ERA 7.1 Prologue 7.2 The Genomic Era 7.3 Concept 7.4 The Post Genomic Era 7.5 Advantages of Combining Multiple Types of Data 7.5 Biomedical Research in the Postgenomic Era 7.6 Conclusion 8. ETHICS, PATENTS AND REGULATIONS 8.1 Prologue 8.2 Concept of Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues 8.3 Ethical and Social Issues in Diagnostic Molecular Genetics 8.4 Confronting the Ethical, Legal and Social Issues 8.5 Genes and Disease 8.6 The Existence of Genetic Information 8.7 Impact of the Human Genome Project at the Interface between Patent and FDA Law 8.8 Regulatory Process 8.9 Conclusion 9. POLYMERIZED CHAIN REACTION 9.1 Prologue 9.2 The Concept 9.3 PCR Optimisation 9.4 Advances in the PCR Technique 9.5 Cloning PCR Products 9.6 PCR as a Diagnostic Tool 9.7 Conclusion 10. IN SITU HYBRIDISATION 10.1 Prologue 10.2 The Concept of in SITU Hybridisation 10. 3 Disadvantages of Radioactive Probes 10.4 Solving the Problem: Advent of Fish Technique 10.5 Applications of Fish as a Diagnostic Tool for Research 10.6 Recent Advances of in SITU Hybridisation Technology 10.7 Conclusion 11. IMMUNOASSAY ELISA 11.1 Prologue 11.2 Concept 11.3 Types of Immunoassay 11.4 Recent advances in the Field of Immunodiagnostics 11.5 Clinical Applications of Immunoassay 11.6 Utilization and Interpretation of Immunological Tests 11.7 Conclusion 12. PHAGE DISPLAY 12.1 Prologue 12.2 Concept 12.3 Phage-Display Libraries as Populations of Replicable, Mutable Chemical 12.4 Practical Applications of Phage Display 12.5 Conclusion 13. MICROARRAY 13. 1 Prologue 13.2 Th
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