Japanese government planners set out in the 1960s to build a barrage on the Nagara River, one of the last major free?owing rivers in Japan. Conceived during a period of rapid growth in the Japanese economy, the barrage was part of a national effort to ensure adequate water supplies for future economic development as well as to reduce ?oodingrisks to downstream communities. A string of lawsuits brought by groups concerned about the impact of the dam on ecological and ?sheries - sourcesresulted incostlydelays:thedamwasnotcompletedformorethan25years. The 1990s witnessed the start of a kind of biotech gold rush toward the use of genetic modi?cation (GM) as tool to develop more productive crops through the introduction of herbicide, insect and disease resistance to feed a growing world. Opponents of the rapid deployment of GM crops have raised concerns about the safety of the technology and about its socio-economic, cultural, and ethical implications. The debate over this issue divided the world O for example, the US allowed the development of GM crops to move forward and now accounts for over half the GM crops grown worldwide whereas the European Union only recently lifted a de facto moratorium imposed in 1998 and now authorises products on a case by case basis. Worldwide, the development and use of GM crops is still barely covered by a patchwork of regulations and guidelines, ranging from strict prohibition to none at all, and creating its own sets of disparities and risks.
About the The International Risk Governance Council IRGC Board Members IRGC Scientific and Technical Council Members Table of Contents Foreword - A Business Perspective (Peter Sutherland) Foreword - A Fresh Thinking for Risk Management Practitioners (Jan Mattingly) Foreword - A Better Platform for Global Risk Debates (David Slavin) Introduction - (Ortwin Renn and Katherine Walker) Part 1: A Framework for Risk Governance Chapter 1: Risk Governance: Toward an Integrated Framework (Ortwin Renn) Part 2: A Framework for Risk Governance - Critical Reviews Introduction Chapter 2: A Framework for Risk Governance Revisited (Ragnar Lofstedt) Chapter 3: Enterprise Risk Management Perspectives on Risk Governance (Robin Cantor) Chapter 4: Comments on the IRGC Framework for Risk Governance (Warner North) Chapter 5: White, Black, and Gray: Critical Dialogue with the IRGC's Framework for Risk Governance (Eugene Rosa) Chapter 6: Summary of Critical Remarks (Alexander Jager) Part 3: A Framework for Risk Governance-Case Study Applications Chapter 7: Genetically Modified Crops (Joyce Tait) Chapter 8: Acrylamide Risk Governance in Germany (Sabine Bonneck) Chapter 9: Listeria in Raw Milk Soft Cheese (Andrew J. Knight, Michelle R. Worosz, Leslie D. Bourquin, Craig K. Harris, Ewen C.D. Todd) Chapter 10: Nagara River Estuary Barrage (Norio Okada, Hirokazu Tatano, Akiyoshi Takagi) Chapter 11: Nature-Based Tourism (Jeffrey A. McNeely, Caroline Kuenzi) Chapter 12: Energy Security for the Baltic Region (Warner North) Chapter 13: Nanotechnology (Mihail Roco, Ortwin Renn, Alexander Jaeger) Part 4: A Framework for Risk Governance: Lessons Learned Chapter 14: Lessons Learned and a Way Forward (Ortwin Renn and Katherine Walker)
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