In most countries, problematic drug use is dealt with primarily as a criminal justice issue, rather than a health issue. Accordingly, a large proportion of people in prison have a history of alcohol, tobacco and/or illicit drug use and, despite the best efforts of correctional authorities, some continue to use these substances in prison, often in very risky ways. After release from prison, many relapse to risky substance use, and are at high risk of poor health outcomes, preventable death, or reincarceration.
In this edited volume, for the first time we bring together 40 contributors from 10 countries to review what is known about alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use in people who cycle through prisons, and the harms associated with use of these substances. We consider some evidence-based responses to these harms - both in prison and after return to the community - and discuss their implications for policy reform.
This book is international in scope and multi-disciplinary in character. It brings together and integrates the perspectives of public health and addictions researchers, criminologists and correctional leaders, epidemiologists, physicians, and human rights lawyers. Our contributors are unified in their commitment to evidence-informed policy - that is, doing what we know works. An overarching theme pervading all of the chapters is that people who cycle through prisons come from the community, and almost always return to the community. Their health problems are therefore our health problems; in other words, 'prisoner health is public health'.
Prologue
Acknowledgments
About the Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: The 'drugs-crime nexus'
Dominique de Andrade
Chapter 2: The global epidemiology of drug use in prison
Chloe Carpentier, Luis Royuela, Linda Montanari, Philip Davis
Chapter 3: Injecting while incarcerated
M-J Milloy
Chapter 4: Alcohol use among incarcerated individuals
David Wyatt Seal, Sarah Yancey, Manasa Reddy, Stuart A. Kinner
Chapter 5: Tobacco use among prisoners
Jennifer Clarke, Manasa Reddy
Chapter 6: Substance use after release from prison
Sarah Larney, Mark Stoové, Stuart A. Kinner
Chapter 7: Drug use, HIV, and the high risk environment of prisons
Lyuba Azbel, Frederick L. Altice
Chapter 8: The perfect storm: Tuberculosis, substance use disorders and incarceration
Haider A. Al-Darraji, Frederick L. Altice
Chapter 9: Drug use in prisoners and hepatitis
Rebecca J. Winter, Margaret E. Hellard
Chapter 10: Drug use in prison and mental health
Kate Dolan, Michael Farrell, and Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
Chapter 11: Understanding the Risk Environment Surrounding Drug Use in Prisons: The Unique Contributions of Qualitative Research
Will Small, Ryan McNeil
Chapter 12: Drug use and prison: The challenge of making human rights protections a reality
Joanne Csete, Rick Lines, Ralf Jürgens
Chapter 13: Recidivism: The impact of substance abuse on continued involvement in the justice system
Faye Taxman, Mary Mun
Chapter 14: Substance use and consequences among people who have been incarcerated: A public health issue
Ingrid Binswanger, Andrea K. Finlay
Chapter 15: Supply reduction in prison: the evidence
Robert L. Trestman, Ashbel T. Wall
Chapter 16: Drug treatment for prisoners: Opioid substitution treatment, therapeutic communities and cognitive behavioral therapy
Kate Dolan, Zahra Alam-Mehrjerdi, Babak Moazen
Chapter 17: Harm reduction in prisons
Kathryn Snow, Michael Levy
Chapter 18: Preventing drug-related death in recently released prisoners
Julie Brummer, Lars Møller, Stefan Enggist
Chapter 19: Drug use in prisoners: Epidemiology, implications, and policy responses
Stuart A. Kinner, Josiah D. Rich
